Genomic Studies of Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors in Latin American Populations: A Systematic Review.

In 30 seconds

This systematic review synthesized molecular studies of suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, nonsuicidal self-injury, and suicide death among Latin American or Hispanic/Latinx populations. It included 59 studies: 3 family, 50 genetic, 6 transcriptomic, and 3 epigenetic studies, with categories not mutually exclusive. Candidate-gene findings were inconsistent, and meta-analyses found no significant associations for TPH1 (rs1800532), HTR2A rs6313 (T102C), or 5-HTTLPR (rs25531). Newer genome-wide and polygenic-score studies reported ancestry-specific loci, but the evidence base remains fragmented and underpowered.

Key findings

• The review included 59 studies: 3 family, 50 genetic, 6 transcriptomic, and 3 epigenetic studies; categories were not mutually exclusive.
• Meta-analyses found no significant associations for TPH1 (rs1800532), HTR2A rs6313 (T102C), or 5-HTTLPR (rs25531).
• Genome-wide and polygenic-score studies identified ancestry-specific loci, while small samples and limited functional annotation resources constrained follow-up.
• Transcriptomic and epigenetic studies implicated neurodevelopmental and immune-related processes; collaboration networks showed limited cross-group integration.

Why it matters

The review highlights a substantial evidence gap in genomic research on suicidality among Latin American and Hispanic/Latinx populations. Inconsistent candidate-gene results and limited representation constrain the interpretation and generalisability of findings. More representative sampling, ancestry-aware analyses, and stronger collaboration could improve the evidence base needed to investigate biological pathways and support future prevention research.

What to keep in mind

The review reports that the underlying literature is fragmented and underpowered; small samples and limited functional annotation resources hindered follow-up of genomic findings.