Systematic Review and Meta-analysis on the Prevalence of Common Hemoglobinopathies in India.
Soumyajit Das, Glory Ghai, Shruthy Sathianath et al.
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In 30 seconds
This systematic review and meta-analysis estimated the prevalence and distribution of common hemoglobinopathies across demographic groups in India. It included 99 studies; pooled sickle cell anemia prevalence, based on 656,005 participants, was 2% (95% CI: 1%-3%, I2 = 99.6%). Pooled estimates were 5% for sickle cell trait, 6% for beta thalassemia, 7% for beta thalassemia trait, and 5% for G6PD deficiency. Subgroup analyses found variation across regions and states, indicating that national pooled estimates mask substantial geographic differences.
Key findings
- Sickle cell anemia prevalence was 2% (95% CI: 1%-3%, I2 = 99.6%) among 656,005 participants.
- Pooled prevalence was 5% for sickle cell trait (95% CI: 2%-8%) and 7% for beta thalassemia trait (95% CI: 4%-9%).
- Pooled prevalence was 6% for beta thalassemia (95% CI: 2%-12%) and 5% for G6PD deficiency (95% CI: 3%-8%).
- Subgroup analyses showed that prevalence varied across Indian regions and states.
Why it matters
The pooled estimates indicate a substantial burden of these conditions and traits, while marked variation between regions and states suggests that national averages may not reflect local needs. This evidence can inform assessment of where diagnostic and public health resources may be needed, while the high heterogeneity calls for caution in applying pooled estimates to specific populations.
What to keep in mind
Heterogeneity was very high across pooled estimates (I2 = 98.8%-99.9%), limiting how directly national estimates represent individual regions or states.