Hyperprogressive disease in carcinoma induced by immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: a systematic review.
JiaJu Xu, ChunXiao Ni, Lidong Qin et al.
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In 30 seconds
This systematic review examines hyperprogressive disease (HPD), a pattern of rapid tumour progression reported in some patients soon after immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment. It reviews how HPD is defined and distinguished from other forms of progression, proposed mechanisms, and potential predictive markers, including inflammatory, immune-related, clinical, and tumour-related factors. The abstract reports no pooled estimate or single quantitative result. It highlights that evidence on HPD mechanisms, prediction, and effective management remains limited, and frames the review as a resource for earlier recognition and treatment planning.
Key findings
- HPD is described as rapid tumour progression shortly after ICI initiation in some patients.
- The review covers HPD definitions, differential diagnosis, proposed pathogenesis, and potential predictive markers.
- Evidence on HPD mechanisms, predictive biomarkers, and effective therapeutic strategies remains limited.
Why it matters
Recognising rapid progression after ICI treatment as a possible distinct pattern may help clinicians assess whether apparent worsening reflects HPD rather than other causes of progression. The review organises proposed markers and mechanisms, but the limited evidence underscores uncertainty about prediction and management.
What to keep in mind
The abstract provides no quantitative synthesis and states that research on mechanisms, predictive biomarkers, and effective strategies remains limited.