When Small Cells Matter: Diagnosing Bladder Small Cell Carcinoma on Urine Cytology.

CytopathologyApr 20, 2026 (epub)
Case ReportPathology (Anatomic & Clinical)Urology

Haley Corbin, Samer Khader, Gabriela Quiroga-Garza et al.

✦ AI-curated · Sources linked

Case in brief

A 68-year-old man presented with painless hematuria, leading to the detection of small cell carcinoma of the bladder (SCCB) on voided urine cytology. The cytology revealed small malignant cells with high nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratios and other features suggestive of a neuroendocrine carcinoma. Immunohistochemical studies confirmed the diagnosis, and a subsequent transurethral resection revealed a high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma alongside conventional high-grade urothelial carcinoma.

Diagnostic / clinical pearl

This case underscores the critical role of cytomorphologic assessment and immunohistochemistry in diagnosing small cell carcinoma of the bladder, particularly when using urine cytology.

Why it matters

The findings illustrate the limitations of the Paris System in classifying non-urothelial malignancies in urine specimens, emphasizing the need for careful evaluation in such cases.

Source

PubMed · PMID 42003828

Published in Cytopathology. This summary was written by xxcode from the publication's abstract and metadata. It is not peer reviewed and is not a substitute for the original article. For clinical decisions, review the original publication.

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