Distal humerus physeal fractures in children under 3 years: a systematic review and quantitative descriptive analysis.
Jie C Nguyen, Carlos Yaya-Quezada, Samuel S Hailu et al.
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From the abstract
To conduct a systematic review on the imaging diagnosis and modality-specific characterization of distal humerus physeal fractures among children under 3 years of age.
Reported results
Thirty-seven studies (published, 1963-2023) included 24 case reports and 13 case series, yielding 101 children (102 elbows), who underwent 175 imaging examinations (102 initial, 7 repeat radiographs; 48 initial, 1 repeat ultrasounds; and 17 MRI examinations).
Authors' conclusions
Radiographs were the most often used initial imaging to screen for distal humerus physeal fractures in children under 3 years, whereas ultrasound and MRI were reserved for workup and confirmation. Nearly half of these elbows had complications.