Evaluating comparative effect of non-pharmacological interventions adjunctive to opioid agonist therapy for opioid use disorder: A systematic review with network meta-analysis.
AddictionApr 28, 2026 (epub)
Bei Lv, Yu-Xin Zhang, Qing-Feng Tao et al.
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In 30 seconds
This systematic review and network meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions as adjuncts to opioid agonist therapy (OAT) in patients with opioid use disorder (OUD). The analysis included 42 randomized controlled trials with 5113 participants. Contingency management combined with OAT likely increases treatment retention (OR = 1.64), while acupuncture may reduce opioid cravings.
Key findings
- Contingency management combined with OAT likely increases treatment retention (OR = 1.64).
- The combination of OAT with contingency management plus cognitive behavioral therapy may increase retention (OR = 2.47).
- Enhanced methadone services combined with OAT may significantly improve retention (OR = 5.48).
- Acupuncture may reduce craving scores (SMD = -2.13), while sham acupuncture also shows potential (SMD = -1.49).
Why it matters
Understanding the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions alongside pharmacotherapy is crucial for improving treatment outcomes in opioid use disorder, particularly in enhancing retention and managing cravings.