Biological and neurocognitive correlates of comorbid post-traumatic stress disorder and alcohol use disorder: a systematic review.
Ellen E Towers, Joel Hoffman, Eva E Louie et al.
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In 30 seconds
This systematic review examined the biological, genetic, neural, and cognitive mechanisms linking comorbid post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD). Fourteen studies were included, revealing no unique differences in cortisol levels between PTSD and AUD, but highlighting a 72% genetic overlap in female twins. The findings suggest distinct neurobiological alterations in individuals with both disorders.
Key findings
- No unique differences in cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone levels were found in PTSD & AUD compared to controls.
- A 72% genetic overlap was observed between PTSD and AUD in female twins.
- Lower neurometabolites, white matter integrity, and hippocampal volume were reported in individuals with PTSD & AUD.
- One study linked low brain-derived neurotrophic factor to PTSD onset following hazardous drinking.
Why it matters
Understanding the biological and genetic underpinnings of comorbid PTSD and AUD can inform treatment strategies and improve patient outcomes. Clinicians should be aware of the complex interplay between these disorders.
What to keep in mind
The review highlighted selection bias, with a predominance of male and veteran samples, and limited sample size justification in the included studies.