Beyond fear circuits: multiscale neurobiological architecture of panic disorder.

In 30 seconds

This meta-analysis examined the neurobiological architecture of panic disorder through functional neuroimaging. It identified increased activity in a prefrontal-hippocampus-brainstem axis, indicating broader neural alterations beyond traditional fear circuits. The findings suggest that gene expression profiles account for over one-third of the variance in panic disorder, supporting a polygenic model.

Key findings

• Increased activity was observed in a prefrontal-hippocampus-brainstem axis in panic disorder.
• Gene expression profiles explained over one-third of the variance in panic disorder.
• The identified brain pattern is linked to emotional arousal, memory, and learning.
• Low neurodevelopmental and evolutionary expansion was noted in the brain pattern.

Why it matters

Understanding the broader neurobiological alterations in panic disorder can inform treatment approaches and highlight new therapeutic targets. This knowledge may lead to more effective interventions for patients with high treatment resistance.