Evaluation of salivary biomarkers in chronic kidney disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Milad Namavar-Kordshouli, Samaneh Vaziri-Amjad, Salman Khazaei et al.
✦ AI-curated · Sources linked
In 30 seconds
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated salivary biomarkers in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients compared to healthy individuals. The analysis included 35 studies, revealing that salivary levels of urea, creatinine, calcium, and pH were significantly higher in CKD patients (p < 0.05), while phosphorus levels did not differ significantly. The findings suggest the potential of saliva as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for CKD.
Key findings
- Salivary urea levels were significantly higher in CKD patients compared to healthy individuals (p < 0.05).
- Creatinine levels in saliva were also significantly elevated in CKD patients (p < 0.05).
- Calcium and pH levels in saliva were significantly higher in CKD patients (p < 0.05).
- Phosphorus levels showed no significant difference between CKD patients and healthy individuals (p = 0.196).
Why it matters
The ability to detect chronic kidney disease through non-invasive salivary biomarkers could enhance early diagnosis and monitoring, particularly for patients who face challenges with blood sampling. This could lead to improved patient outcomes and management strategies.
What to keep in mind
High heterogeneity was observed in the case-control studies included in the meta-analysis (I² > 75%).