Orbital manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease - a systematic review.
Charlotte Zhang, Terence Ang, Abdullah Almater et al.
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From the abstract
Extra-intestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) occur in 25-40% of patients; however, orbital involvement is rare and underreported. Only case reports and series have been documented in the literature with no consensus on diagnosis or management.
Reported results
41 studies reporting 48 patients were included. Mean age at orbital presentation was 31 years (range 2-63 years) with a female predominance (3:1). Orbital inflammation preceded IBD diagnosis in 19 patients. Crohn's disease was most frequently associated (n = 40).
Authors' conclusions
Orbital IBD is a rare but clinically significant entity, and may precede intestinal symptoms, sometimes representing the first sign of underlying IBD. Clinicians should maintain vigilance for orbital involvement in IBD, and standardised prospective reporting is needed to better characterise these manifestations and optimise patient outcomes.