Retinal and choroidal optical coherence tomography findings in gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Graefes Arch Clin Exp OphthalmolJun 11, 2026 (epub)
Sara KamaliZonouzi, Farbod Semnani, Donya Mahiny et al.
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In 30 seconds
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated retinal and choroidal changes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) compared to healthy controls. The analysis included 12 studies with 2,798 eyes from 1,997 women. Results indicated a significant reduction in mean and parafoveal superficial capillary plexus vessel density and thinning of the inferior peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer in GDM patients.
Key findings
- Eyes with GDM showed a significant reduction in mean vessel density (SMD = -0.07; p < 0.05).
- Parafoveal vessel density was also reduced in GDM eyes (SMD = -0.13; p < 0.05).
- Thinning of the inferior peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer was observed (SMD = -0.25; p = 0.003).
- No significant differences were found in central macular thickness or subfoveal choroidal thickness.
Why it matters
Understanding the subtle retinal changes associated with GDM can help clinicians monitor and manage potential complications. Early detection of microvascular alterations may lead to improved outcomes for affected women.