Simulation training in percutaneous nephrolithotomy: where are we standing? - a systematic review from EAU endourology.
Curr Opin UrolMay 15, 2026 (epub)
Clinical ResearchUrology
Theodoros Spinos, Angelis Peteinaris, Vasileios Tatanis et al.
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In 30 seconds
This systematic review evaluates the applications of simulation training in percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), analyzing various methods including virtual reality, 3D-printed models, and cadavers. The review highlights that simulation training is both feasible and effective for urologists at all expertise levels, with multiple studies supporting its benefits.
Key findings
- 3D models were utilized in seven studies, while cadavers were used in two studies.
- Virtual reality simulators were employed in seven studies, with specific simulators like Marion K181 and PERC Mentor featured.
- Ultrasound-guided puncture was used in 9 studies, and fluoroscopy-guided puncture in 12 studies.
Why it matters
Understanding the effectiveness of simulation training in PCNL can enhance surgical education and improve patient outcomes. It provides a structured approach for urologists to refine their skills in a controlled environment.