Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus: incidence, risk factors, and prognostic implications - a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Tahani H Alharbi, Hind A Alzahrani, Reem A Alromaihi et al.
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In 30 seconds
This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the incidence and risk factors of immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus (ICI-T1DM) in adult cancer patients. Among 65,925 patients, the pooled incidence of ICI-T1DM was 0.58%, with about 37% experiencing diabetic ketoacidosis. The study found that dual ICI therapy significantly increased the risk of developing ICI-T1DM compared to monotherapy.
Key findings
- The pooled incidence of ICI-T1DM was 0.58% (95% CI 0.35-0.92%).
- Approximately 37% of patients with ICI-T1DM presented with diabetic ketoacidosis.
- Dual ICI therapy significantly increased the risk of ICI-T1DM compared to monotherapy.
- Pre-existing diabetes mellitus was not significantly associated with the risk of developing ICI-T1DM.
Why it matters
Understanding the incidence and risk factors of ICI-T1DM is crucial for clinicians managing cancer patients on immune checkpoint inhibitors, as early detection and monitoring can improve patient outcomes and prevent severe complications.
What to keep in mind
The prognostic data for mortality and overall survival in ICI-T1DM patients were limited and showed discordant findings.