Prenatal exposure to particulate matter (PM) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) among children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Rev Environ HealthJul 23, 2026 (epub)
Shaila Nazneen, Gabriel Ibarra-Mejia, Sultan Mahmud et al.
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In 30 seconds
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the association between prenatal exposure to particulate matter (PM) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children, analyzing 29 studies. The findings indicate a 34% increased risk of ASD linked to prenatal PM exposure (pooled OR=1.34; 95% CI: 1.13-1.54), with significant risk associated specifically with third-trimester exposure.
Key findings
- Prenatal PM exposure is associated with a 34% increased risk of ASD (pooled OR=1.34; 95% CI: 1.13-1.54).
- Third-trimester PM exposure significantly increased ASD risk (OR=1.17; 95% CI: 1.01-1.34).
- First-trimester exposure showed a non-significant association with ASD (OR=1.02; 95% CI: 0.92-1.11).
- Second-trimester exposure also had a non-significant association (OR=1.13; 95% CI: 0.88-1.38).
Why it matters
Understanding the link between prenatal PM exposure and ASD is crucial for developing targeted public health interventions. This knowledge can guide efforts to improve air quality and reduce environmental risks during critical periods of fetal development.