Effects of age, sex, and renal function on bowel movement-improving effects of Bifidobacterium bifidum G9-1 on constipation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease: A prespecified subgroup analysis of the BIRDIE study.
J Diabetes InvestigJul 26, 2026 (epub)
Fuki Ikeda, Junko Sato, Hidenori Yoshii et al.
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In 30 seconds
This prespecified subgroup analysis of the BIRDIE study evaluated the impact of age, sex, and renal function on the efficacy of Bifidobacterium bifidum G9-1 for constipation in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease. The study found that participants aged ≥65 years, male, and with an estimated glomerular filtration rate of ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m² showed a significant increase in normal stool consistency at week 12.
Key findings
- Participants aged ≥65 years showed significant improvement in stool consistency at week 12.
- Male participants experienced greater benefits from B. bifidum G9-1 treatment.
- Patients with estimated glomerular filtration rate of ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m² had improved bowel movement outcomes.
- Metformin users were more likely to experience relief from constipation compared to insulin users.
Why it matters
Understanding how demographic and clinical factors influence treatment efficacy can help clinicians tailor interventions for constipation in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease, potentially improving patient outcomes.