Age-related differences in motor unit behaviours and maximal strength: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Neurobiol AgingJul 25, 2026 (epub)
Dagnew Getnet Adugna, Simon Walker, Oliver Hayman et al.
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In 30 seconds
This systematic review and meta-analysis examined age-related differences in motor unit behaviors and their impact on maximal strength in older versus younger adults. The analysis included 48 studies and found that older adults had significantly lower maximal strength (SMD = -1.01; 95% CI -1.22, -0.79) compared to younger adults, with notable differences in motor unit discharge rates and recruitment thresholds.
Key findings
- Older adults exhibited significantly lower maximal strength compared to younger adults (SMD = -1.01; 95% CI -1.22, -0.79).
- Motor unit discharge rate was lower in older adults, especially at high forces (> 60% MVC: SMD = -0.65; 95% CI -0.96, -0.34).
- Discharge rate variability was greater in older adults (SMD = 0.44; 95% CI 0.15, 0.72).
- Recruitment thresholds relative to MVC were lower in older adults (SMD = -0.42; 95% CI -0.80, -0.03).
Why it matters
Understanding the neural mechanisms behind age-related strength decline is crucial for developing targeted interventions to maintain or improve muscle function in older adults, which can enhance their quality of life and reduce fall risk.