Evaluating the association between potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs) and types of psychological distress. A systematic review.

Eur J PsychotraumatolJul 31, 2026 (epub)
Clinical ResearchPsychiatryOpen access

Andreana Farrell Kakouris, Dominic Murphy, Neil Greenberg et al.

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In 30 seconds

This systematic review analyzed 15 quantitative studies involving approximately 21,700 participants to explore the relationship between different subtypes of potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs) and psychological distress. The findings indicated that betrayal-type PMIEs were consistently associated with PTSD, depression, and anxiety, while commission-type events were linked to various outcomes, including suicidality. Omission-type events showed less consistent associations.

Key findings

  • Betrayal-type PMIEs were frequently associated with PTSD, depression, and anxiety across studies.
  • Commission-type PMIEs were linked to PTSD, depression, and suicidality, though findings varied.
  • Omission-type PMIEs demonstrated more variable associations with psychological distress.
  • Different PMIE subtypes may carry distinct patterns of risk for psychological outcomes.

Why it matters

Understanding the specific psychological impacts of different PMIE subtypes can enhance assessment and treatment strategies for individuals experiencing moral injury, potentially leading to more tailored interventions and improved mental health outcomes.

Source

Published in Eur J Psychotraumatol. This summary was written by xxcode from the publication's abstract and metadata. It is not peer reviewed and is not a substitute for the original article. For clinical decisions, review the original publication.

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