Association Between Loneliness and Hikikomori Symptoms. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Int J Methods Psychiatr ResSep 1, 2026
André Hajek, Hans-Helmut König
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In 30 seconds
This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the relationship between loneliness and hikikomori symptoms across various populations. Eight cross-sectional studies were included, revealing a strong mean corrected correlation of 0.68 (95% CI: 0.62 to 0.74) between loneliness and hikikomori symptoms, with even higher correlations observed in Asian countries (0.90, 95% CI: 0.81 to 0.99).
Key findings
- Mean corrected correlation between loneliness and hikikomori symptoms was 0.68 (95% CI: 0.62 to 0.74).
- In Asian countries, the correlation was significantly higher at 0.90 (95% CI: 0.81 to 0.99).
- Subscale correlations included socialization at 0.54, isolation at 0.62, and emotional support at 0.71.
Why it matters
Understanding the strong association between loneliness and hikikomori symptoms can inform mental health interventions and highlight the importance of addressing social isolation in affected populations.