Prognostic effect of serum glial fibrillary acidic protein and neurofilament light chain for predicting progression independent of relapse activity in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review.
Anoosh Maazi, Yousef Moradi
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In 30 seconds
This systematic review evaluated the prognostic value of serum glial fibrillary acidic protein (sGFAP) and neurofilament light chain (sNfL) in predicting progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA) in multiple sclerosis (MS). Eighteen studies were included, revealing that sGFAP was more consistently associated with PIRA, especially in cohorts with limited inflammatory activity, while sNfL showed variable results depending on the context.
Key findings
- sGFAP was more frequently associated with PIRA in cohorts with limited inflammatory activity.
- sNfL showed variable associations with PIRA, often dependent on the presence of acute inflammatory activity.
- Negative or inconclusive results were common, particularly in studies with broad outcomes or small populations.
Why it matters
Understanding the role of biomarkers like sGFAP and sNfL in PIRA can help clinicians better assess disability progression in MS, particularly in patients with low inflammatory activity. This knowledge may guide future research and clinical decision-making.
What to keep in mind
The review highlights the heterogeneity in outcomes and biomarker standardization, preventing a meta-analysis.