Exercise modalities for overall and domain-specific balance performance in older adults: A systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis.
Ageing Res RevAug 14, 2026 (epub)
Junyu Wang, Shenghui Guo, Yong Yang et al.
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In 30 seconds
This systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis evaluated the effects of various exercise modalities on balance performance in older adults aged 60 and above. Analyzing 423 trials with 33,901 participants, the study found that 18 of 19 exercise modalities improved overall balance, with perturbation training showing the largest effect size of 0.66 (95% CrI 0.49-0.82).
Key findings
- Perturbation training had the largest effect on overall balance with an effect size of 0.66.
- Sensory training and dance also showed significant improvements with effect sizes of 0.55 and 0.54, respectively.
- Tai Chi was most effective for global balance, while Pilates excelled in dynamic balance.
- Nonlinear dose-response associations were observed, indicating varying effects based on exercise intensity.
Why it matters
Understanding which exercise modalities enhance balance can help clinicians tailor interventions for older adults, potentially reducing fall risk and improving overall mobility. This knowledge is crucial for developing effective rehabilitation programs.