A systematic review and meta-analysis of the associations between structural, interpersonal, and individual stigma and health outcomes for transgender and nonbinary people.
Am PsycholSep 1, 2026
Clinical ResearchPsychiatry
Kiet D Huynh, G Tyler Lefevor, Em Matsuno et al.
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In 30 seconds
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the impact of structural, interpersonal, and individual stigma on health outcomes for transgender and nonbinary individuals, analyzing 1,871 effect sizes from 225 reports with 121,240 participants. The study found that all stigma types were associated with poorer health, with overall stigma linked to mental health (r = -.25) and suicidality (r = -.25).
Key findings
- Structural stigma was linked to poorer health with rstructural = -.18.
- Interpersonal stigma showed a correlation with health outcomes at rinterpersonal = -.20.
- Individual stigma had the strongest association with health at rindividual = -.28.
- Overall stigma was associated with increased suicidality at r = -.25.
Why it matters
Understanding the relationship between stigma and health outcomes is crucial for developing effective interventions. Addressing stigma at multiple levels can potentially improve the health and well-being of transgender and nonbinary populations.