Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and gastrointestinal neoplasm risk in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Yu-Fan Zhang, Jia-Jie Xie, Qi Wu et al.
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In 30 seconds
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the association between sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and gastrointestinal neoplasm risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Analyzing data from 48 randomized controlled trials involving 48,765 participants, the study found no significant increase in overall GI neoplasm risk (OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 0.84-1.44; p = 0.46).
Key findings
- SGLT2 inhibitors showed no significant association with overall GI neoplasm risk (OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 0.84-1.44).
- Site-specific analyses for esophageal, gastric, hepatic, pancreatic, colonic, colorectal, and rectal neoplasms were not statistically significant.
- Subgroup analyses by agent type, age, BMI, HbA1c, treatment duration, and dose also yielded non-significant results.
Why it matters
Understanding the potential risks associated with SGLT2 inhibitors is crucial for clinicians managing patients with T2DM, particularly regarding long-term oncologic safety. This study provides reassurance about the lack of increased GI neoplasm risk.
What to keep in mind
Approximately half of the trials had follow-up of one year or less, limiting the evaluation of long-term risk.