Growth hormone deficiency: craniofacial characteristics and changes after growth hormone therapy - a systematic review.
Panagiotis Pallis, Ioannis Padouvas, Evangelos Theodoros Markos et al.
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In 30 seconds
This systematic review examined craniofacial characteristics in children and adolescents with non-syndromic growth hormone deficiency (GHD) and the effects of growth hormone therapy (GHT). The review included 10 studies, revealing that GHD is associated with smaller cranial base and jaw dimensions, while GHT may lead to craniofacial growth approaching reference values, particularly in the maxilla and mandibular ramus.
Key findings
- Children with GHD exhibited smaller cranial base and jaw dimensions compared to healthy peers.
- GHD was associated with retrognathic maxillary and mandibular positions and increased facial convexity.
- GHT resulted in craniofacial growth approaching reference values, especially in the maxilla and facial height.
Why it matters
Understanding the craniofacial implications of GHD and the potential benefits of GHT is crucial for clinicians managing affected children, as it informs treatment decisions and expectations for growth and development.
What to keep in mind
The review noted limitations such as small sample sizes, diverse outcome measures, and moderate risk of bias in the included studies.