Low-carbohydrate diet score subtypes and all-cause mortality in general and chronic disease populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.

In 30 seconds

This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the relationship between low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) scores and all-cause mortality in general and chronic disease populations. Among 779,158 participants, the highest healthy LCD category was linked to a 28% lower mortality risk in chronic disease populations (HR 0.72). In the general population, no significant association was found.

Key findings

• In chronic disease populations, the highest healthy LCD category was associated with a 28% lower mortality risk (HR 0.72).
• The highest overall LCD category in chronic disease populations showed a 15% lower mortality risk (HR 0.85).
• No significant mortality association was found for the highest healthy LCD category in the general population (HR 0.93).
• Unhealthy LCD scores were not associated with mortality in either population.

Why it matters

Understanding the impact of diet quality on mortality can guide dietary recommendations, particularly for individuals with chronic diseases. This study highlights the importance of macronutrient quality over mere carbohydrate restriction.