Toxic Air Contaminant Emissions from Residential and Commercial Fossil Gas Appliances: A Systematic Review.
Curr Environ Health RepSep 16, 2026 (epub)
Erika Tam, Jeremy K Domen, Drew R Michanowicz et al.
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In 30 seconds
This systematic review analyzed toxic air contaminant (TAC) emissions from residential and commercial gas appliances, synthesizing data from 25 studies. It found evidence of emissions for at least 41 TACs, with formaldehyde and benzene being the most characterized. Emission factors varied significantly, highlighting the need for improved monitoring and regulation.
Key findings
- At least 41 TACs were identified as emitted from gas appliances through leakage and combustion.
- Formaldehyde and benzene had sufficient data for quantitative characterization, with emission factors varying by up to two orders of magnitude.
- The majority of studies focused on cooking stoves, while other appliances like heaters and dryers were underrepresented.
- Emerging evidence suggests methane and carbon monoxide may help estimate TAC emissions.
Why it matters
Understanding TAC emissions from gas appliances is crucial for public health, as these emissions can contribute to indoor air pollution and associated health risks. Improved regulation and monitoring can help mitigate these risks.