What to do with K-wires in displaced upper extremity fractures in children - where to bury or not.
Eur J Trauma Emerg SurgSep 29, 2026 (epub)
Andreas Frodl, Marietta Borbely, Nikos Karvouniaris et al.
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In 30 seconds
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the complication rates of buried versus exposed Kirschner wires (K-wires) in pediatric upper extremity fractures, involving 1,977 patients. Buried K-wires had significantly lower overall infection rates (OR = 1.74; p = 0.004), while exposed wires resulted in less skin irritation (OR = 0.09; p < 0.00001).
Key findings
- Buried K-wires had significantly lower overall infection rates (OR = 1.74; p = 0.004).
- Exposed K-wires showed significantly lower skin irritation rates (OR = 0.09; p < 0.00001).
- No significant differences were found in secondary implant displacement (OR = 1.26; p = 0.86).
- Infection rate differences were significant in Asia/Africa (OR = 2.90; p = 0.0004).
Why it matters
Understanding the complications associated with K-wire fixation methods can guide clinicians in making informed decisions regarding pediatric fracture management, balancing infection risks and patient comfort.