Assessment of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Gender-Diverse Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Clara Gloanec, Guilhem Bonazzi, Mohamed-ElMehdi Boughanmi et al.
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In 30 seconds
This systematic review and meta-analysis examined how autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and autistic traits are assessed in gender-diverse populations. Twenty-eight studies met inclusion criteria; 18 assessed ASD diagnoses, but only six used robust diagnostic criteria. Across 1,855 participants, those studies identified 100 confirmed diagnoses (5.4%). Random-effects meta-analysis estimated a pooled prevalence of robust ASD diagnosis of 12% (95% CI = 7%-19%) and broader autism phenotype prevalence of 24% (95% CI = 17%-33%). The authors concluded that few studies met clinical gold standards and that assessment methods varied.
Key findings
- Only six of 18 studies assessing ASD diagnoses used robust diagnostic criteria.
- Robust criteria identified 100 confirmed ASD diagnoses (5.4%) among 1,855 participants.
- Pooled prevalence was 12% (95% CI = 7%-19%) for robust ASD diagnosis and 24% (95% CI = 17%-33%) for broader autism phenotype.
Why it matters
Assessment methods shape estimates of ASD and autistic traits in gender-diverse populations. The review highlights that many studies relied on self-report or screening tools rather than robust diagnostic criteria, complicating interpretation of prevalence. Its findings underscore the importance of assessment approaches that account for both autism and gender diversity when seeking accurate, inclusive evaluation.
What to keep in mind
The evidence base was methodologically variable, and only six studies used robust diagnostic criteria; many relied on self-report or screening instruments.