Is resistance training effective to increase BDNF in multiple sclerosis? An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of isolated interventions.
William Riciere Pedon, Gustavo De Conti Teixeira Costa, Lorenzo de Ávila Rodrigues Cortizo Vidal et al.
✦ AI-curated · Sources linked
In 30 seconds
This systematic review and meta-analysis examined whether isolated resistance training (RT) affects peripheral brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). It included four controlled studies—three randomised trials and one non-randomised trial—with 126 participants. Across studies, RT was associated with higher BDNF levels (SMD = 0.49; 95%CI: 0.15 to 0.83; p < 0.005). The authors also reported a positive effect after Hartung-Knapp adjustment. However, the evidence was rated low certainty, and the authors advise caution because few studies were available.
Key findings
- The pooled effect favoured RT for peripheral BDNF (SMD = 0.49; 95%CI: 0.15 to 0.83; p < 0.005).
- Two studies of low-to-moderate intensity protocols reported significant serum BDNF increases after 8 weeks.
- Studies using higher loads (≈80% of one-repetition maximum: 1RM) found no significant BDNF changes, despite functional gains.
- Overall certainty was low because of risk of bias, inconsistency, and imprecision.
Why it matters
BDNF is associated with neuroplasticity and MS disease progression, so evidence that a specific exercise modality may influence peripheral BDNF is clinically relevant to understanding exercise-related biological effects. The findings distinguish isolated resistance training from multimodal programmes, but the small evidence base and low certainty mean the result should be viewed as preliminary rather than definitive.
What to keep in mind
Only four studies with 126 participants were included. The authors rated certainty as low because of risk of bias, inconsistency, and imprecision.