Cranial and Spinal Epithelioid Hemangioma: Systematic Review and Illustrative Calvarial Case.
Gianluca Scalia, Gianluca Ferini, Gianluca Galvano et al.
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From the abstract
Cranial and neuraxial epithelioid hemangioma (EH) is exceptionally rare and anatomically heterogeneous. We systematically reviewed reported cerebral, cranial osseous, primary non-osseous spinal epidural, and vertebral-origin EH with clinically relevant neuraxial extension and present an illustrative hypervascular calvarial case.
Reported results
Twenty-two reports were included: 14 (63.6%) vertebral-origin and eight (36.4%) cerebral, combined calvarial-cerebral, cranial osseous, or primary non-osseous spinal epidural. Surgery was reported in 19/22 publications (86.4%), radiotherapy in 10/22 (45.5%), and preoperative embolization in 3/22 (13.6%).
Authors' conclusions
Cranial and neuraxial EH is rare, with published evidence dominated by vertebral disease. Management should be individualized according to anatomical compartment, neural compression, structural instability, and vascularity. Histological distinction from epithelioid hemangioendothelioma and angiosarcoma is essential, while the available evidence is insufficient to establish comparative efficacy of radiotherapy or…