Prevalence and Geographic Distribution of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralisation in Spain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
D Ribas Pérez, C Caleza-Jiménez, M Biedma Perea et al.
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In 30 seconds
This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed molar-incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) prevalence in Spanish children and adolescents aged 6–18 years. It included cross-sectional studies and used random-effects models, with subgroup analyses and meta-regression to examine methodological and geographical variation. The pooled estimate indicated that approximately one in six Spanish children is affected, placing Spain among European countries with the highest reported prevalence. Estimates varied geographically, and methodological heterogeneity remained, limiting comparability across studies.
Key findings
- Approximately one in six Spanish children aged 6–18 years is affected by MIH.
- The review reports significant geographical variation in MIH prevalence across Spain.
- Methodological heterogeneity persisted among the included prevalence studies.
Why it matters
The findings indicate a substantial burden of MIH in Spanish children, while variation between estimates complicates comparisons across regions and studies. More consistent diagnostic methods and nationally representative epidemiological data could improve understanding of where the burden is greatest and help inform preventive oral health planning.
What to keep in mind
The evidence came from cross-sectional prevalence studies, and the review identified methodological heterogeneity and geographical variation that limit comparability.