Approach to the patient with APS-1/APECED.
This article presents five cases of autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS-1/APECED), a disorder caused by impaired immune tolerance and typically associated with biallelic AIRE variants.
Clinical pearl
Consider APS-1 when compatible non-endocrine features occur, even before hypoparathyroidism or adrenal insufficiency; standard genetic testing may not detect all relevant AIRE variants.