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Important medical research and remarkable case reports worth knowing.

Selected from high-relevance medical literature published in the last 14 days.

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FeaturedClinical ResearchPediatrics

Oxygen vs Air at Birth for Moderate- to Late-Preterm Infants: The AIROPLANE Cluster Randomized Crossover Trial.

JAMAOct 20, 2026Open access

The AIROPLANE trial was an unblinded, cluster randomized crossover study at 26 Australian maternity hospitals comparing initial oxygen concentrations of 0.30 and 0.21 during the first 3 minutes of respiratory support…

Why it matters

The trial addresses uncertainty about starting oxygen concentration during resuscitation of moderate- to late-preterm newborns.

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Also worth knowing

Clinical ResearchPediatrics

Silver diamine fluoride versus conventional restorative treatment for dental caries in primary teeth of children: a meta-analysis.

This meta-analysis compared 30% to 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) with conventional restorative approaches for caries control in children with carious primary teeth.

Quintessence IntOct 22, 2026Read summary
Clinical ResearchPediatricsOpen access

Daily Zinc Supplementation for Infection Prevention in Children With Sickle Cell Anemia: The ZIPS-2 Randomized Clinical Trial.

The ZIPS-2 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluated daily zinc for infection prevention in children aged 1 to 4.99 years with sickle cell anemia in Uganda.

JAMAOct 13, 2026Read summary
Clinical ResearchPediatricsOpen access

Neonatal gastric perforation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical characteristics, risk factors, surgical management and outcomes.

This systematic review and meta-analysis examined clinical features, risk factors, surgical management and outcomes of neonatal gastric perforation using observational studies of neonates aged 28 days or younger.

Pediatr Surg IntOct 20, 2026Read summary
Clinical ResearchPediatricsOpen access

Levetiracetam versus valproate for new-onset or previously treated but inadequately controlled epilepsy in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

This systematic review and meta-analysis compared levetiracetam with valproate in children aged 0–18 years with new-onset or inadequately controlled epilepsy.

Eur J Clin PharmacolOct 20, 2026Read summary
Clinical ResearchGastroenterologyOpen access

Switching from Intravenous to Subcutaneous Infliximab in Children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesized six independent, largely observational cohorts of children with inflammatory bowel disease who switched from intravenous to subcutaneous infliximab (n = 173).

Curr Gastroenterol RepOct 17, 2026Read summary
Clinical ResearchOtolaryngology (ENT)

Adenotonsillectomy for children with mild sleep-disordered breathing: who benefits?

This secondary analysis of a 12-month, multicentre randomised trial examined children aged 3.0–12.9 years with mild sleep-disordered breathing, comparing early adenotonsillectomy (eAT) with watchful waiting and…

SleepOct 13, 2026Read summary
Clinical ResearchPediatrics

Prevalence and genotype distribution of norovirus and rotavirus among children under five with diarrheal infection in lower-middle-income countries after Rotavirus vaccine introduction: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed norovirus and rotavirus prevalence and genotype distribution among children under five with diarrheal infection in low- and middle-income countries after rotavirus…

PLoS OneOct 13, 2026Read summary
Clinical ResearchPediatrics

The impact of prophylactic azithromycin on the developing preterm gut microbiome and resistome.

This multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial examined the effects of 10 days of prophylactic intravenous azithromycin on the gut microbiome and resistome of 693 preterm infants born before 30…

Gut MicrobesOct 15, 2026Read summary
Clinical ResearchPediatrics

Impact of a Dynamic Visualized Pain Assessment Tool on Pediatric Pain Management: A Stepped-Wedge Cluster Randomized Trial.

This stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial evaluated a dynamic visualized pain assessment tool across five clinical wards, involving 15 infants and 45 video segments spanning baseline, procedural pain, and…

J Vis ExpOct 13, 2026Read summary
Clinical ResearchPediatrics

Clinical performance of resin infiltration and different sealant modalities in noncavitated pits and fissures: a split-mouth randomized controlled trial.

This split-mouth randomized controlled trial compared resin infiltration, two sealant approaches, and their combination for noncavitated occlusal lesions in 128 permanent molars from 32 children aged 7–14 years.

Quintessence IntOct 22, 2026Read summary
Clinical ResearchPediatricsOpen access

Clinical and radiographic success of bioflex versus stainless steel crowns using the hall technique in primary molars: a 12-month randomized controlled trial.

This two-arm randomized controlled trial compared BioFlex crowns (BFCs) with stainless-steel crowns (SSCs), both placed using the Hall Technique, in healthy children aged 4–6 years with carious mandibular second primary…

Clin Oral InvestigOct 22, 2026Read summary

Showing 12 of 37 publications that cleared our clinical screen in the last 14 days.

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