From fibrosis to thrombosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of venous thromboembolism risk in interstitial lung disease.
Expert Rev Respir MedApr 21, 2026 (epub)
Narat Srivali, Federica De Giacomi
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In 30 seconds
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) compared to controls. Analyzing data from nine studies with 7,892 ILD patients, the study found a significant increase in VTE risk, with a pooled relative risk of 3.04 (95% CI: 1.96-4.70, p < 0.00001), particularly for pulmonary embolism.
Key findings
- ILD patients have a three-fold increased risk of VTE (RR 3.04, 95% CI: 1.96-4.70).
- Pulmonary embolism risk is significantly higher (RR 4.52, 95% CI: 1.84-11.10).
- Deep vein thrombosis risk is also elevated (RR 1.93, 95% CI: 1.15-3.23).
- In idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis populations, VTE risk remains significant (RR 2.76, 95% CI: 1.71-4.45).
Why it matters
The findings highlight the increased risk of VTE in ILD patients, emphasizing the need for clinicians to be vigilant in identifying and managing this risk, particularly during high-risk periods.