The relationship between digit ratio (2D:4D) and autoimmune diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Early Hum DevApr 15, 2026 (epub)
Clinical ResearchRheumatologyEndocrinology

Yulai Ma, Yujia Wang, Yan-Mei Mao et al.

✦ AI-curated · Sources linked

In 30 seconds

This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the relationship between the second-to-fourth digit ratio (2D:4D) and autoimmune diseases (AIDs) in a population of 6958 patients. The study found that AID patients had a significantly lower overall 2D:4D ratio (SMD: -0.180) and a higher prevalence of Type 3 finger patterns compared to healthy controls, suggesting a potential link between digit ratio and AID susceptibility.

Key findings

  • AID patients had a significantly lower overall 2D:4D ratio (SMD: -0.180) compared to healthy controls.
  • The odds ratio for Type 3 finger patterns in AID patients was 1.645, indicating higher prevalence than in healthy individuals.
  • Subgroup analysis revealed decreased 2D:4D ratios in osteoarthritis and patients aged over 60 years.
  • Female patients exhibited a higher 2D:4D ratio and lower Type 3 finger pattern prevalence compared to males.

Why it matters

Understanding the association between digit ratios and autoimmune diseases may provide insights into the biological mechanisms underlying these conditions, potentially guiding future research and risk assessment strategies.

Source

PubMed · PMID 42034071

Published in Early Hum Dev. This summary was written by xxcode from the publication's abstract and metadata. It is not peer reviewed and is not a substitute for the original article. For clinical decisions, review the original publication.

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