Characterisation of HIV-1 Gag Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Epitopes in the Southern African Region-A Systematic Review.
ImmunologyMay 31, 2026 (epub)
Tumelo L Fortuin, Paballo Nkone, Shayne Loubser et al.
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In 30 seconds
This systematic review examined HIV-1 Gag cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes in the southern African region, focusing on subtype C. A total of 49 studies were included, identifying 60 Gag CTL epitopes, predominantly in the Gag p24 protein. Notably, the immunodominant epitopes TPQDLNTML and TSTLQEQIGW were found at 16.00% and 13.3%, respectively.
Key findings
- 60 Gag CTL epitopes were identified, with 55.00% located in the capsid protein (p24).
- The most common immunodominant epitopes were TPQDLNTML (16.00%) and TSTLQEQIGW (13.3%).
- HLA-B allotypes accounted for 78% of the CTL responses, with HLA-B*57 and HLA-B*58:01 being notable.
- Some identified CTL epitopes are not listed in the Los Alamos HIV database.
Why it matters
Understanding the specific CTL epitopes and HLA allotypes that influence HIV-1 control can inform vaccine development strategies, particularly in regions where subtype C is prevalent, potentially improving patient outcomes.