Anti-interferon-γ autoantibody syndrome mimicking lymphoproliferative disorders: a case series.
Dongdong Ren, Liang En Ian Wee, Samuel Shang Ming Lee et al.
✦ AI-curated · Sources linked
Case in brief
Two patients presented with prolonged fever, weight loss, and generalized lymphadenopathy, initially misdiagnosed as lymphoproliferative disorders based on lymph node biopsies suggesting multicentric Castleman disease and angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma. Further evaluation revealed disseminated dual non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections and anti-interferon-γ autoantibodies, confirming AIGA syndrome. Both patients responded well to antimycobacterial therapy, with one also receiving rituximab.
What made this case unusual
The initial histological findings mimicked lymphoproliferative disorders, highlighting the diagnostic challenge posed by AIGA syndrome.
Diagnostic / clinical pearl
Clinicians should consider AIGA syndrome in patients with unexplained fever and lymphadenopathy, especially when biopsy cultures yield non-tuberculous mycobacteria.
Why it matters
This case underscores the need for thorough microbiological and immunological evaluations in patients with ambiguous presentations to avoid misdiagnosis.