Does heat affect the performance of bioceramic sealers? A systematic review of warm obturation.
Fulvia Galletti, Cosimo Galletti, Gabriele Cervino et al.
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In 30 seconds
This systematic review assessed how heat used in warm obturation affects bioceramic sealers in endodontic treatment. It identified 12 relevant studies examining bond strength, physicochemical properties, and clinical outcomes. The review reports that controlled heat can improve sealer flow and adaptation, whereas excessive temperatures may reduce bond strength and compromise material stability. Clinical studies described favorable outcomes when thermal thresholds were maintained, but the review emphasizes the need for optimized protocols and clearer clinical guidance.
Key findings
- The systematic review included 12 relevant studies.
- Controlled heat was reported to improve sealer flow and adaptation.
- Excessive temperatures may compromise bond strength and material stability.
- Clinical studies reported favorable warm-obturation outcomes when thermal thresholds were maintained.
Why it matters
Warm obturation may support favorable endodontic outcomes, but heat can also affect the properties that allow bioceramic sealers to bond and remain stable. The review highlights the importance of balancing improved flow and adaptation against potential thermal damage, and of interpreting clinical outcomes in light of the temperatures used.
What to keep in mind
The review identified 12 studies, and the abstract provides no quantitative effect estimates or details about the included studies’ methods or follow-up.