Effectiveness and safety of the available preventive tuberculosis treatment regimens for children and adolescents: systematic review and network meta-analysis.
BMJ Paediatr OpenSep 30, 2026 (epub)
Vanessa Sabella-Jiménez, Dione Benjumea-Bedoya, Yenifer Hoyos-Mendez et al.
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In 30 seconds
This systematic review and network meta-analysis evaluated the effectiveness and safety of tuberculosis (TB) treatment regimens in children and adolescents under 18 years. The study found that a 4-month regimen of isoniazid and rifampicin (4HR) significantly reduces active TB cases at 1, 2, and 5 years (RR 0.49, 95% CI 0.32 to 0.76) compared to a 9-month isoniazid regimen (9H).
Key findings
- 4HR regimen reduces active TB cases at 1, 2, and 5 years (RR 0.49, 95% CI 0.32 to 0.76) compared to 9H.
- 3HP, 4HR, and 4R regimens show higher treatment adherence compared to 9H.
- Adverse reactions are more likely with 3HP compared to 4HR (OR 4.56, 95% CI 1.22 to 16.96) and 4R (OR 6.37, 95% CI 2.11 to 19.19).
- 4R has fewer adverse reactions compared to 9H (OR 0.34, 95% CI 0.20 to 0.58).
Why it matters
Understanding the effectiveness and safety of TB treatment regimens in children is crucial, as they are at higher risk for progression to active disease. Improved adherence and reduced incidence of TB can significantly impact public health outcomes.